Origin of cathodic degradation and new phase formation at the La0.9Sr0.1MnO3/YSZ interface

New phase formation at the La_0.9Sr_0.1MnO₃/YSZ interface and its effects on the cathodic performances were studied at 900 °C in air. The resistance caused by the interfacial product layer kept increasing with time to reach up to 40% of the total resistance after 500 h. The interfacial product was identified as La₂Zr₂O₇ by XRD measurement. The electrical conductivity of La₂Zr₂O₇ (2.4 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ at 1000 °C), measured by AC impedance and current interruption methods, was 4 to 7 orders of magnitude smaller than those of La_0.9Sr_0.1MnO₃ electrode or YSZ electrolyte. Either the electronic conductivity or the electrochemical O₂ reduction activity of La₂Zr₂O₇ was negligible. Combining these results, a conclusion was made that the cathodic degradation comes mainly from the growth of interfacial product layer and its contribution to the cell resistance increment is ohmic in nature.     

Influence of electrolyte characteristics on the electrochemical parameters of electrical double layer capacitors

Electrical double layer capacitors based on ideally polarizable nanoporous carbon electrodes in propylene carbonate with the addition of different 1 M Me₃EtNBF₄, Me₂Et₂NBF₄, MeEt₃NBF₄, Et₄NBF₄, Et₃PrNBF₄ and Et₃BuNBF₄ electrolytes have been tested by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance methods. The limits of ideal polarizability, low-frequency limiting capacitance and series resistance, time constant, Ragone plots (energy density vs. power density dependencies) and other characteristics have been discussed. The influence of the electrolyte molar mass on the electrochemical characteristics of the nanoporous carbon electrode cells has been established. The applicability limits of the Srinivasan and Weidner model have been tested.     

Electrodynamics of the vortex lattice in untwinned YBaCuO by complex impedance measurements

We report complex impedance measurements in an untwinned YBaCuO crystal. Our broad frequency range covers both the quasi static response and the resistive response of the vortex lattice. It allow us to characterize the irreversibility line without the need of any frequency dependent pinning parameters. We confirm the validity of the two modes model of vortex dynamic, and extract both the surface critical current and the flux flow resistivity around the first order transition T_m. This latter is identified by the abrupt loss of pinning and by an unexpected step of (T) at T_m. Received 22 November 2002 / Received in final form 17 February 2003 Published online 20 June 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: alain.pautrat@ismra.fr RID="b" ID="b"UMR 6508 associée au CNRS     

用等效网络方法求均匀弹簧纵振动的本征频率

利用机电类比方法导出了均匀质量弹簧在几种特定边界条件下的本征频率方程,并给出了相应的本征频率公式。体现了等效网络理论分析机械振动问题的优越性。     

用传递矩阵法预测单层或多层微孔板的吸声性能

提出用实验测得含不同孔径孔的微孔板声阻抗率来预测由其形成的单层或多层微孔板的吸声特性，并用传递矩阵法来预测该微孔板的各种组合结构的整体吸声性能。采用该方法获得的微孔板吸声性能曲线与实测结果相当接近，能较好地预测各种组合微孔板的吸声性能。表明传递矩阵法是预测较复杂形式微孔板结构吸声性能的一种有效的方法。     

Rod-pinch 二极管理论及数值模拟

 介绍了Rod-pinch二极管的基本结构和工作原理，采用Laminar模型分析了Rod-pinch二极管中的粒子运动过程及其阻抗特性。考虑背景空间离子电荷的影响，用1维Laminar方程分析Rod-pinch二极管中电子的自箍缩过程，并且利用Magic程序对其中的粒子运动进行数值模拟，求解二极管中的电压和电流，最终得出二极管的阻抗特性，在较低电压下，负极性RPD的性能明显不如正极性RPD。根据临界电流经验公式，初步验证Laminar理论模型的可行性。     

1.2 MV大功率直流高压电源研制

 采用等边三角形结构的铁芯，次级线圈分成40级，分别进行三相全波整流，每级输出直流30 kV，串联后获得1.2 MV/A的直流高电压大功率输出。电源的能量转换效率大于95%，漏抗高达21.7%。采用无滤波电容结构，次级线圈星型/三角型接法交替使用，纹波系数小于±4%。整个电源密封在压力钢筒中，充0.8 MPa高纯度SF6气体作为绝缘介质，最大工作场强小于130 kV/cm。设计了专门的SF6气体冷却系统，气体温度控制在60 ℃以内，高电压由充气同轴传输线输出。在小负载条件下，电源各项指标满足技术要求，已经安装在1.2 MW，1.2 MeV大功率直流电子加速器上进行整机联调。     

Corrosive behavior of chromium carbide-based films formed on steel using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc system

The formation of chromium carbide-based hard-coatings on steels using a 90°-bend filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) has extensive industrial applications; such coatings are free of macroparticles and exhibit excellent characteristics. In this investigation, a working pressure of C₂H₂/Ar was adopted to synthesize amorphous chromium carbide film (a-C:Cr) and crystalline chromium carbide film (cryst-Cr₃C₂) from a Cr target (99.95%) at 500 °C under a substrate voltage of −50 V. The corrosion behavior of a-C:Cr coated on steel (a-C:Cr/steel) and cryst-Cr₃C₂ coated on steel (cryst-Cr₃C₂/steel) were compared in terms of open-circuit potentials (OCP) and polarization resistance (R_p) in an aerated 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution, as determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The XRD results indicated that the transformation of a-C:Cr to cryst-Cr₃C₂ is distinct as the working pressure declines from 1.2 × 10⁻² to 2.9 × 10⁻³ Torr. The OCP of a-C:Cr/steel and cryst-Cr₃C₂/steel resemble each other and both assembly are nobler than uncoated steel. The R_p of the coatings exceeds that of the uncoated steel. The SEM observation and the EIS results demonstrate that the cryst-Cr₃C₂/steel more effectively isolates the defects than dose a-C:Cr/steel.     

双间隙输出腔开放腔的高频特性分析

 建立了S波段相对论速调管放大器双间隙输出腔开放腔的3维模型。采用时域有限差分法，通过监测激励电流源的响应计算了该双间隙输出腔的谐振频率、有载Q值、场分布以及特性阻抗，并分析了腔体结构尺寸对谐振频率、有载Q值和特性阻抗的影响。研究表明：腔体半径对开放腔的谐振频率影响很大，耦合孔尺寸对腔体谐振频率的影响较小；随着耦合孔张角增加，有载Q值逐渐减小；随着腔体半径增大、间隙的减小，腔体特性阻抗降低。研究结果可为S波段强流相对论速调管放大器双间隙输出腔的设计提供理论依据。     

偏轴双腔互比型腔式束流位置监测器

 提出一种利用偏轴双腔来监测电子束位置的新方法，根据谐振腔归一化分流阻抗参数分析了其工作原理和主要特性。偏心束流在偏轴谐振腔中激发出较强的偶极模TM₁₁₀信号，根据两腔输出的偶极模信号幅度比可直接测量束流的中心偏移量。偶极模信号幅度变化反映了束流的偏移方向，省去了鉴相工作，简化了前端接收电路的的设计，基模抑制问题已被解决。利用MAFIA和HFSS软件对本征模进行仿真，并分析了模式耦合特性，仿真结果验证了新结构的可行性。